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Titanium forgings follow the following basic laws in plastic deformation:
1. Shear stress law
Under the action of external forces, plastic deformation is only possible when the internal shear stress of a forging reaches a critical value. The magnitude of critical shear stress depends on the type of forging (composition, microstructure) and deformation conditions (deformation temperature, degree of deformation, etc.), so the law of shear stress is an important basic law related to plastic deformation.
2. Law of volume invariance
Forgings maintain a constant volume during plastic deformation. However, in actual forging production, the looseness and cracks inside the ingots and other billets are compacted after forging, resulting in an increase in the density of the forging blank and a slight decrease in volume; After cold deformation, the forging becomes more loose and the volume slightly increases; But these small changes can be ignored. Therefore, the law of volume invariance is one of the important basis for calculating the dimensions of forging blanks, process dimensions, and designing molds.
3. Small resistance law
When titanium alloy forgings undergo plastic deformation, each particle inside them always moves in the direction of low resistance, and this law is called the law of small resistance. According to the law of small resistance, the flow direction of metal deformation particles can be determined in many complex situations in forging production, thereby controlling the flow path during the deformation of forging billets, facilitating the forging forming of titanium alloy forgings, and achieving the goal of reducing energy consumption and improving productivity.
4. Elastic deformation law
Titanium metal undergoes both plastic deformation and elastic deformation. Moreover, plastic deformation of metals beyond their elastic limit still involves elastic deformation. In order for plastic deformation to occur, it is necessary to achieve a certain value of shear stress.
The size of metal deformation under external force is not equal to the size when the external force is removed. So the size of the forging is not completely consistent with the size of the mold chamber. However, due to its good plasticity and small elastic deformation, the rebound phenomenon of metals during hot deformation can be ignored.
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